Gastroenteritis is inflammation (irritation) of your intestines. People usually call it a “stomach bug” or “stomach flu,” even though it’s not limited to just influenza. Although most people report stomach pain, gastroenteritis can also involve your small intestines and colon. You can get sick from bacteria, parasites, toxins, and viruses. Viruses are the most common cause of so-called stomach flu. Norovirus is often the culprit for adults, while rotavirus is frequently to blame for stomach flu in children. These viruses mostly infect the lining of the small intestine. The main symptom of gastroenteritis is diarehhea. When the GI tract becomes infected during gastroenteritis, multiple activities from the virus bring on diarrhea. Malabsorption occurs because of the destruction of the gut cells called enterocytes. The virus can also disrupt the reabsorption of water and induce secretory diarrhea, which is responsible for the loose liquid stools.
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