Internal medicine is a medical specialty in which physicians apply scientific knowledge and clinical expertise to diagnose and treat adults with a very broad range of health concerns and diseases. Physicians who specialize in internal medicine are called internists or general internists. While they are both primary care doctors and the terms are often used interchangeably internists are not the same as general practitioners and family physicians. One of the key differences is that internists see only adults, and family practitioners see both children and adults. Internal medicine trainees spend at least one year caring for hospitalized patients, with at least three months in intensive/critical care settings. They undergo hospital-based training for at least one year, with additional exposure to in-patient subspecialties such as cardiology, hematology-oncology, or gastroenterology. Many internal medicine doctors have a particular subspecialty. To gain expertise in those subspecialties, students complete an additional one to three years of fellowship training after a required three-year internal medicine residency.
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